Chapter 7  Ecology and Development

Chapter 7 Ecology and Development

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Chapter 7  Ecology and Development 

Class 11 English 

Exercise 

Wangari Maathai 

Ways With Words 

A. Match the words with their meanings. 

Constituency – electoral district 

Pursue – to follow in an effort to overtake or capture 

Infiltrate – to enter or gain access to (an organization, place, etc.) secretly and
gradually 

Nomadic – living the life of roaming 

Anatomy – art of studying the different parts of any organized body 

Subversive – seeking or intended to overthrow an established system or
institution 

C. Make two other words by using each prefix given above and use them in
sentences. 

mal 

Malignancy – This should be followed up to exclude malignancy. 

Malware – Malware and viruses could infect their computers.

mis 

Misspell – t’s difficult to see misspell in a sentence. 

Mismatch – Their marriage was a mismatch they had little in common. 

un 

Uncover – Erin never does get to uncover his true identity. 

Unsafe – If it weren’t so unsafe, he’d take her with him 

in 

Inedible – The food on the flight was totally inedible. 

Incapable – She’d been incapable of empathy or remorse. 

pre 

Prevent – I’m sorry to prevent you from seeing him. 

Preplan – Now, it is time to preplan new trip.

il 

Illogical – Not being feminist to me is just totally illogical. 

Illusion – These will give the illusion of a cinched waist. 

dis 

Discomfort – Elisabeth’s discomfort was evident. 

Disengage – Overcharge the Plasma Pistol and disengage a vehicle. 

im 

Immature – Katie had always been immature, maybe even a little lazy. 

Immortal – The Dark One was going to turn her Immortal. 

Re 

Return – I have something to return to you. 

Rewrite – We can rewrite history as much as we like. 

ir

 Irremovable – Nowadays, most of smartphone have irremovable battery. 

Irrational – These are isolated cases of irrational numbers. 

de 

Deactivate – At this point your account will immediately be deactivated.

Defrost – A basic microwave oven should be able to cook, defrost and reheat. 

non 

Nonstick – You’ll need a nonstick cooking spray. 

Nonverbal – Their nonverbal exchange made me smile. 

Comprehension 

Answer these questions. 

a. What did Maathai decide to do for the community? 

Answer: Maathai decided to create jobs for the community. 

b. Mention the problems faced by women in Kenya. 

Answer: The problems faced by women in Kenya were malnutrition, lack of
food and adequate water, unemployment and soil erosion. 

c. Why did the speaker go to the women to talk about planting trees? 

Answer: The speaker went to the women to talk about planting trees because
the women in Kenya were most affected by the problems of firewood,
malnutrition, lack of food and adequate water, unemployment and soil
erosion, and were concerned about children and the future.

d. What is the most important achievement of the movement described in the
text? 

Answer: The most important achievement of the movement described in the
text is women were independent, had acquired knowledge and techniques, had
become empowered. They have been teaching each other. 

e. Why were the foresters’ ways not helpful to the women for planting trees? 

Answer: The foresters’ ways were not helpful to the women for planting trees
because they have complicated the ways of dealing with a very simple thing
like looking for seeds and planting trees. 

f. When and how did she start The Green Belt Movement? 

Answer: She started The Green Belt Movement on World Environment Day by
planting the first seven trees 

g. Why do the donors want to provide money to the women? 

Answer: The donors want to provide money to the women because their efforts
were providing satisfactory results. 

h. What happened when the speaker criticized the political leadership? 

Answer: The speaker has been portrayed as subversive when the speaker
criticized the political leadership. 

i. Mention the agencies that supported her movement. 

Answer: The agencies that supported her movement are as follows: 

• United Nations Development Fund for Women 

• Danish Voluntary Fund 

• Norwegian Agency for International Development 

• African Development Foundation 

Critical Thinking 

a. Do you think that the title “Foresters without Diplomas” is suitable to the
essay? How? 

Answer: Yes I think that the essay’s title, “Foresters without Diplomas,” is
appropriate. The writer and her team initially summoned the foresters to show
how they grow trees to the ladies. Because they possessed degrees, the
foresters proved to be very difficult to work with. They developed complicated
ways for coping with outwardly basic tasks like searching for seeds and
growing trees. Finally, the writer and her colleagues instructed the ladies on
how to do the task using common sense, which they accomplished. They were
able to search the area for seeds and learn to identify seedlings as they
germinate from seeds that had fallen to the ground. Women did not have the
same opportunities as males.

b. Can a person make a difference in a society? Discuss with an example from a
person who has made a difference in your society. 

Answer: It’s easy to feel like one can person can’t make a difference. The world
has so many big problems, and they often seem impossible to solve. We know
that while many common ways to do well, such as becoming a doctor, have
less impact than you might first think; others have allowed certain people to
achieve an extraordinary impact. In other words, one person can make a
difference, but you might have to do something a little unconventional. 

Numerous folks have made an outstanding and significant change, not only for
our society but the entirety of all people, the world over. Some of those
examples are Dr Jonas Salk found the vaccine that prevented people from
contracting Polio, Thomas Edison discovered the light bulb, a major innovation
to society, the world over. So we can see that a person can make a positive
difference in the lives of people not in our society but throughout the world. 

Writing 

c. Write an essay on ‘The Community Forest in Nepal’. Describe how these
community forests have contributed to maintain ecology in our environment. 

Answer: 

The Community Forest in Nepal 

The Community Forestry Program in Nepal is a global innovation in
participatory environmental governance that encompasses well-defined
policies, institutions, and practices. The program addresses the twin goals of
forest conservation and poverty reduction. As more than 70 percent of Nepal’s
population depends on agriculture for their livelihood, community
management of forests has been a critically important intervention.

Through legislative developments and operational innovations over three
decades, the program has evolved from a protection-oriented, conservation focused agenda to a much more broad-based strategy for forest use, enterprise
development, and livelihood improvement. By April 2009, one-third of Nepal’s
population was participating in the program, directly managing more than
one-fourth of Nepal’s forest area. 

The immediate livelihood benefits derived by rural households bolster strong
collective action wherein local communities actively and sustainably manage
forest resources. Community forests also became the source of diversified
investment capital and raw material for new market-oriented livelihoods.
Community forestry shows traits of political, financial, and ecological
sustainability, including the emergence of a strong legal and regulatory
framework, and robust civil society institutions and networks.

However, a continuing challenge is to ensure equitable distribution of benefits
to women and marginalized groups. Lessons for replication emphasize
experiential learning, the establishment of a strong civil society network,
flexible regulation to encourage diverse institutional modalities, and
responsiveness of government and policymakers to a multi stakeholder
collaborative learning process.

Grammar 

c. Underline the verb in each sentence and write whether it is transitive,
intransitive or linking. 

a. His father looks handsome.

looks = linking verb 

b. Bhawana drinks milk every day. 

drinks = transitive verb 

c. He became a watchman. 

became = linking verb 

d. This bread smells good. 

smells = linking verb 

e. The dog barked loudly. 

barked = intransitive verb 

f. He chased the dog. 

chased = transitive verb 

g. My sister swims fast. 

intransitive verb 

h. He painted a picture. 

painted = transitive verb 

i. Radhika always asks questions. 

asks = transitive verb 

j. Anjana has a long hair. 

has = linking verb 

k. Hungry lion roars. 

intransitive verb

l. He tried again and again. 

tried = intransitive verb 

m. The weather is hot. 

is = linking verb 

n. Owls hide in the daytime. 

hide = intransitive verb

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